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Colligative Properties

Colligative Properties :- Colligative properties are properties of solutions that depends on the ratio of the number of solute particles to the number of solvent molecules in a solution and not on the nature of the chemical species present . All these colligative properties have the common characteristics that depend upon the number of Solute…

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Solution and its types, Solubility

It is the homogeneous mixtures of two or more than two components . When the composition and properties are uniform throughout the mixture then it is called homogeneous mixture . It has following components – Solvent :- The component that present in the largest quantity is known as Solvent . Solvent can be solid ,…

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Magnetic properties of Crystals : Paramagnetic, Diamagnetic, Ferromagnetic, Antiferromagnetic and Ferrimagnetic substances

Magnetic properties of Crystals :- Each electron in an atom behaves like a magnet. It’s magnetic moment originates from two types of motions are orbital motion around the nucleus and spin around its own axis. Magnitude of magnetic moment is very small and is measured in the unit called Bohr magneton μB. It is equal…

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Conductors, Insulators and Semiconductors

Conductors:- The solids with conductivities ranging between 10⁴ to 10⁷ ohm⁻¹ m⁻¹ are called conductors. Examples. – Metals like Iron, Copper, Sodium etc. Insulators :- Semiconductors :- These are the solids with conductivities in the intermediate range from 10⁻⁶ to 10⁴ ohm⁻¹ m⁻¹· Examples. – Silicon and Germenium shows this behaviour called intrinsic semiconductor. Types…

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Defects in Crystals

A solid consists of an aggregation of large number of small crystals, these small crystals have defects in them which are called defects in crystals. The defects in crystals are basically irregularities in the arrangement of constituent particles. Types of defects in crystals :- The defects in crystals are of mainly two types:- ( a…

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Close Packing in Crystals

In Crystals, the constituent particles are close packed and leaving the minimum vacant space. In such a situation, the entropy of crystalline material becomes minimum. Let us consider the constituent particles as identical hard spheres and build up three dimensional structure in following three steps – Close Packing in one Dimension :- There is only…

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