Structure of Atomic Nucleus :- The atomic nucleus is the small, dense region consisting of protons and neutrons at the centre of an atom, discovered in 1911 by Ernest Rutherford based on the Geiger Marsden gold foil experiment. Proton :- A Proton is a subatomic particle, symbol ‘p‘ or p⁺ with a positive charge of…
Davisson and Germer Experiment :- The wave nature of electrons was first experimentally verified by C. J. Davisson and L. H. Germer in 1927 and independently by G. P. Thomson in 1928. The experimental arrangement consists of an electron gun which comprises of a tungsten filament ‘F’ , coated with barium oxide and heated by…
Polarisation of Light :- polarisation of light is the property of transverse wave that can oscillate with more than one orientation. A light wave that is vibrating in more than one plane is referred to as unpolarised light. The process of transforming unpolarised light into polarised light is known as polarisation of light. If the…
Resolving power of Optical Instruments :- Resolving power of Optical Instruments is the ability of an Imaging device to separate points of an object that are located at a small angular distance or It is the power of an optical instrument to separate far away objects, that are close together into individual images. Consider a…
Diffraction of Light :- Diffraction of light is the slight bending of light as it passes around the edge of an object. The amount of bending depends on the relative size of the wavelength of light to the side of the opening. Explanation of the Intensity distribution in the diffraction pattern :- Figure shows a…
Interference of Light Waves :- When two light waves from different sources meet together, then the distribution of energy due to one wave is distributed by the other. This modification of light energy due to superposition of two light wave is called interference of light waves. Coherent sources :- Those sources of light which emit…
de Broglie Wavelength Equation :- In 1924 Louis de Broglie proposed that just as light has both wave like and particle like properties, electrons also have wave like particles. de Broglie proposed that the wavelength λ is associated with a particle of momentum p is given as λ = h/p Or The equation is known…
Photoelectric Effect :- When light falls on the metal surface, Some electrons near the metal surface absorb enough energy from the incident radiation to overcome the attraction of the positive ions in the material of the surface. After gaining sufficient energy from the incident light, the electrons escape from the surface of the metal into…
Huygens’s Wave Theory :- Scientist Christian Huygens in 1678 found that light is a form of wave, He found that light propagates in the form of waves and need a medium to propagate in all possible direction, he proposed a theory of wave called Huygens’s wave theory. He told that the secondary source which is…
Deviation without Dispersion :- Deviation produced by flint glass prism for a colour is equal and opposite which produced by crown glass prism. As a result, when the seven colours of light comes out through the flint glass prism, they combine to give a white light. Hence, there is no dispersion of light. This combination…
Optical microscope:- The optical microscope, often referred as the light microscope. It is a type of microscope that uses visible light and a system of lenses to magnify images of small objects. There are two basic types of optical microscope. 1. Simple microscope. 2. Compound microscope. Simple microscope:- A simple microscope is actually a Convex…
Human Eye :- The human eye is the most complicated Sense organ in the body with several parts fixed together form a spherical structure. Our eye is one of the most important optical device the nature has endowed us with. Sclerotic :- It is a tough and thick white sheat that protects the inner parts…
