What is Transistor? Answer :- Transistor is a semiconductor device that can both conduct and insulate. A transistor can act as a switch and an amplifier. It converts audio waves into electronic waves and resistor. Controlling electronic current. Types of Transistor :- There are two types of Transistor – (1) N-P-N transistor. (2) P-N-P transistor….
What is solar cell and How It Works? Answer :- A solar cell is basically a p-n junction which generates electrical energy or EMF (electromotive force) when solar radiation falls on the p-n junction. Thus p-side becomes positive and n-side becomes negative giving rise to photovoltage.
Light Emitting Diode :- It is a heavily doped p-n junction which under forward bias emits spontaneous radiation. The diode is encapsulated with a transparent cover so that emitted light can come out. LEDs are biased such that the light emitting efficiency is maximum. The reverse breakdown voltages of LEDs are very low, typically around…
p-n Junction Diode :- A p-n junction is a boundary or interface between two types of semiconductor materials, p- type and n- type inside a single crystal of semiconductor. It is the basic building block of semiconductor device like p-n junction diode. p-n Junction Diode under forward bias :- When an external voltage V is…
Semiconductors :- Semiconductors are those material which has the conduction properties in between conductor and insulator. It means semiconductor do not allow the free electron to flow as conductor. Examples :- Silicon (Si), Boron (B), Carbon (C), Germanium (Ge) etc. The reason for such type of conductor is the small gap between the valence band…
Nuclear Reactor :- A nuclear reactor is a device used to initiate and control a self sustained nuclear chain reaction. Nuclear reactors are used at nuclear power plants for electricity generation an in nuclear marine propulsion.
Nuclear Fusion :- It is a nuclear process in which two light (small) nuclei fuse to form a larger nucleus, energy is released. Examples :- ₁H¹ + ₁H¹ → ₁H² + e⁺ + v + 0·42 MeV ₁H² + ₁H² → ₂He³ + n + 3·27 MeV ₁H² + ₁H² → ₁H³ + ₁H¹ +…
Nuclear Fission :- Nuclear Fission is a reaction wherein a heavy nucleus is bombarded by neutrons and thus become unstable, which causes decompose or split into two nuclei with equivalent size and magnitude, with a great detachment of energy and the emission of two or three neutrons. Example :- Isotope ₉₂U²³⁵ bombarded with a neutron…
Properties of Alpha Beta and Gamma Rays :- During radioactive decay, particles like alpha, beta and gamma rays are emitted by the unstable atoms like uranium, thorium, polonium, radium, actenium etc to gain stability. Properties of Alpha Rays :- Properties of Beta Rays :- Properties of Gamma Rays :-
Radioactivity :- Henry Becquerel discovered radioactivity in 1896 by accident. Experiments performed subsequently showed that radioactivity was a nuclear phenomenon in which an unstable nucleus undergoes a decay. Becquerel studying the fluorescence and phosphorescence of compounds irradiated with visible light, the observed an interesting phenomenon. After illuminating some pieces of uranium-potassium sulphate with visible light…
Mass Defect and Nuclear Binding Energy :- The actual mass is always less than the sum of the individual masses of the constituent protons and neutrons because energy is removed when the nucleus is formed. This energy has mass, which is removed from the total mass of the original particles. This mass, known as the…
Isotopes :- These are atoms of the same elements having same atomic number but different mass number and neutrons number. Examples – ₁H¹, ₁H² and ₁H³ (protium) (deuterium) (tritium) are the Isotopes of hydrogen. Here deuterium oxide to form heavy water. Note – Tritium nuclei being unstable, do not occur naturally and are produced artificially…
