Mutation and Its Types:- Mutation is a phenomenon which results in alternation of DNA sequences and consequently results in changes in the genotype and phenotype of an organism. In addition to recombination, mutation is another phenomenon that leads to variation in DNA. Causes of mutations :- There are many chemical and physical factors that induce…
Sex Determination in Human :- sex determination is a biological system that determines the development of sexual characteristic in an organism. Sex determination in human by chromosomal difference. Most organisms that created their offspring using sexual reproduction have two sexes. In human beings a sex chromosome that carries the genes for male characters is called…
Crossing Over :- Crossing over is a mechanism by which a group of genes on one chromosome changes it’s place with a similar group on it’s homologous chromosome. Term crossing over were first given by Morgan & Castle in 1912. Mechanism of crossing over :- Mechanism can be explained under the following steps – 1….
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) :- Diseases which are transmitted through sexual intercourse are collectively called Sexual Transmitted Diseases (STDs) or Venereal Diseases or Reproductive tract infections. Examples :- Gonorrhoea, Syphilis, Genitalia warts, AIDS etc. Name of Sexual Transmitted Diseases, Causes and Symptoms :- Cause – Trichomonas vaginalis (protozoa). Symptoms – vaginal infection and secretion. 2….
Methods to control Population Growth :- The most important step to overcome this population growth rate is to motivate a smaller families by using various contraceptive methods. 1. Natural methods :- This method work on the principle of avoiding chances of ovum and sperms meeting periodic abstinence is one such method in which the couples…
Reproductive Health :- According to World Health Organization (WHO) – It means total well-being in all aspects of reproduction i. e. physical, emotional, behavior and social. Aspects of Reproductive Health :-
Cancer :- It is uncontrolled division of cell without any differentiation. It is not a single disease rather a group of disease. Some types of cancer cause rapid cell growth, while others cause cells to grow and divide at slower rate. Certain forms of the disease result in visible growth called tumour, while others such…
AIDS :- AIDS ( Acquired human Immune Deficiency Syndrome ) is pandemic disease, first recognised in USA ( 1981 ), believed to occured in Africa. First confirmed evidence of AIDS in India April 1986 ( 6 prostitutes from Tamilnadu were found HIV positive ). Causative agent :- HIV ( Human Immunodeficiency Virus ), it is…
Communicable diseases :- Communicable diseases are diseases that can transfer from one person to another and caused by microbes like bacteria, protozoa, fungi, viruses, helminthes etc. Communicable diseases caused by bacteria :- Tuberculosis, Diphtheria, Whooping cough ( Pertussis ), Cholera, Other diarrheal disease, Leprosy, Tetanus, Gonorrhea, Syphilis etc. Communicable diseases caused by Viruses :- Mumps,…
Theory of Evolution :- Modern theory of evolution is based on Darwin’s work related to the natural selection. It is not a hypothesis, theory of evolution includes Lamarckism, Darwinism. Lamarckism :- Jean Baptiste de Lamarck ( French ) published a book named Phylosophic Zoologique in 1809. In which he explained the process of evolution by…
Evolution :- It is defined as a modification, In which a simple organism is changed into complex one. It is a very slow and irreversible process which can not be absorbed in a life time. Evidences of Evolution :- There are many evidences which prove that the evolution has taken placed. Indirect Evidences :- All…
Origin of Life :- It is the natural process by which life has arisen from nonliving matter such as inorganic compounds. The life originated in the primitive Ocean on the Earth. As the distance from Sun increased, cooling process started. it resulted into the differentiation of regions – 1. Crust :- It is a outermost…
