Optics

Let us consider two lenses A anb B of focal length f₁ and f₂ placed in contact with each other. […]

Refraction of light at a convex surface :- 1. For real image :- The figure shows the geometry of formation

Twinkling of stars :- it is is a phenomenon of atmospheric refraction. Stars do not really twinkle they just appear

Total internal reflection :- when light travels from and optically denser medium to rarer medium at the interface, it is

Refraction of light :- when a beam of light encounters another transparent medium, a part of light gets reflected back

The mirror equation :- The ray diagram shows the image A’B’ of an object AB formed by a concave mirror

Consider a ray parallel to the principal axis strinking the mirror at M, CM will be perpendicular to the mirror

Definitions regarding spherical mirrors. Pole :- The geometric centre of a spherical mirror is called its pole. Denoted by ‘P’

Reflection of light :- It is the change in direction of a light at an interface between two different media